$@#9!%#F#l#l#o#d#i#n#g!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(J1999$@gg(J4 $@%+%s%@a(JBR>
IV$@!%(JDETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON PLANT FUNCTION

A.Effects on Respiration
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B.Effects on Photosynthesis and Carbon Balance
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$@#C!%(JEffects on Water Relations
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$@#D!%(JEffects on Nutrient Relations
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$@#E!%(JMechanical effects
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$@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(J1999,7/12 $@%+%s%@(J
V$@!%(JADAPTATION TO FLOODING OF PLANTS IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS

$@#A!%(JAboidance of Anaerobic Cells by Adjusting Gas Diffusion
$@#1!%(JRoot Location and Morphology.
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$@!!!!B?$/$N<>CO$N$@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(J $@!J(JJustin and Armstrong 1987$@!K(J
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$@!&7T$d:,$NBX$o$j$N9=B$$,:,$N%,%9M"Aw$r=uNO$9$k!#(J
$@Nc!K(Jblack mangroves(Avecinnia species)$@$NDL5$:,(J
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$@#2!%(JAnatomical changes:Aerenchyma.
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