2000.7.10(Mon.)$B$b$j$d!#(B 7.5.1 Growth as affected by Irradiance
$B!v(B $B8w$O?"J*$N@8D9$K1F6A$r5Z$\$9(B
$BJ}$rDL$8$F!"8w4D6-$KH?1~$9$k!#(B

5.5.1 Growth in Shade
$B!v(B $B/$5$;$k!#$7$?$,$C$F8w(B
$B$NGHD99=@.$N?d0\$,B8:_$9$k!#(B

5.1.1.1 Effects on Growth Rate,Net Assimilation Rate and Specific Leaf Area
$B!v(B $BHo1"4D6-2<$G@80i$7$??"J*(B
$B8w9g@.;:J*$dB>$N;q8;$rMULL@Q$KEj;q$9$k$?$aMULL@QHf$,9b$$!#(B
$BMU$,Gv$/$J$k$?$a(BSLA$B$,B?$/!"MU4%J*L)EY$ODc$$!#MULL@Q$"$?$j$N:t>uAH?%:YK&$,>/(B
$B$J$$!#(B
$B@8=EEv$?$j$N%/%m%m%U%#%kG;EY$O9b$$$?$a!"MULL@Q$"$?$j$N%/%m%m%U%#%kG;EY$OM[MU(B
$B$HF1$8$/$i$$$G$"$k$,!"%/%m%m%U%#%k$"$?$j$N%?%s%Q%//$J$$!#(B

$B!v(B $BBQ1"@-$N$"$k%$%s%Q%A%(%s%9$OBQ1"@-$NL5$$%R%^%o%j$HHf3S$7$?;~!" $B2<$,>.$5$$(B($BBh(B3$BI=(B)$B!#$3$l$O $B$h$k!#(BLAR$B$NA}2C$N@)8f$K$D$$$F$O40A4$K$O$o$+$C$F$O$$$J$$$,!"Ho1"$K$h$j@8D9$r(B
$B@)8f$9$k;q8;(B($B8w(B)$B$r$h$j3MF@$9$k$N$KLrN)$D!#(B

$B$"$kDxEY$N $B9b$$(B($BBh(B3$BI=(B)$B!#$7$+$7$3$l$O6KC<$JNc$G$"$k!#JL$NNc$G$OBQ1"@-$N$"$k $B1"@-$NL5$$
$B!v(B $B9bL)EY$N 3$BI=(B)$B!#2?$,BQ1"@-$NM-L5$r6hJL$9$k$N$+!)(B
$B"-(B
$BMU$N $BHo1"2<$G$N7T$N?-D9B%?J$OHsBQ1"@-
$B!v(B $BM[1"MU$NFCD'$OMU$NH/C#Cf$NAa$$;~4|$K7hDj$5$l$k!#(B
$BMnMU

5.1.1.2 Adaptation to Shade
$B!v(B $BFC0[E*$J8w4D6-$N=g2=$rJL$H$7$F$b!"FCJL$JE,1~$H$$$&$b$N$OB8:_$9$k!#B($A!"FC0[(B
$BE*(B
$B8w4D6-2<$GJ,G[@)8B$r9T$&$h$&$J!"0dEAE*9=B$$r;}$D $B@oN,(B(I#(B$B$K<1JL$5$l$k!#(B
1.$B1"$rHr$1$k!#@dBPM[@-?"J*$G$"$k!#(B
2.$BBQ1"@-$,$"$k!#M[1"$I$A$i$G$b@80i$G$-$k!#(B
3.$B1"$rI,MW$H$9$k!#@dBP1"@-?"J*$G$"$k!#(B

$B!v(B $BB?$/$NApK\?"J*$d$[$H$s$I$N:nJ* $B%1N`!"%7%@N`!"%R%+%2%N%+%:%i2J$N%7%@!"G.BS1+NS>eAX$K@80i$9$k?"J*$N$$$/$D$+$,(B
$B4^$^$l$k!#2r7oE*1"@-?"J*$,B?$$!#(B

5.1.1.3 Stem and Petiole Elongation : The Search for Light
$B!v(B $BHsBQ1"@-/$7(B($BD:2jM%@*(B
$B$,A}2C(B)$B!"AmMULL@Q$HMU8|$,8:>/$7!"(BSLA$B$OA}2C$9$k!#(B
$BHo1"$KBP$9$k1F6A$O8wNL$N8:>/$H@V?'8w(B/$B1s@V308w$NHfN($N1F6A$KJ,$1$i$l$k!#(B

$B!v(B $BHsBQ1"@-r7oE*BQ1"@- $BBQ1"@-
5.1.1.4 The Role of Phytochrome
$B!v(B R/FR$B$NCN3P$K$O%U%#%H%/%m%`%7%9%F%`$,I,MW$G$"$k!#(B
R/FR$B$KBP$9$k7T$N?-D9H?1~$O%8%Y%l%j%sH?1~$H;w$F$$$k!J%5%5%2!K!#(B
$B"-(B
$B%U%#%H%/%m%`$N1F6A$O%8%Y%l%j%sG;EY$N>e>:$H46 $B$($i$l$F$*$j!"$^$?:YK&J,Nv$h$j:YK&?-D9$K$h$k$H9M$($i$l$F$$$k!#(B
$B"-(B
$BBQ1"@-?"J*$NB?$/$N8wH?1~$,!"8wNL$X$ND>@\$NH?1~$H$$$&$h$j!"%[%k%b%s$rG^2p$7$?(B
$B!J%7%s%/@)8f!KH?1~$G$"$k$H$$$&;v$r<($9!#(B


5.1.1.5 Phytochrome and Cryptochrome : Effects on Cell-Wall Elasticity Parameters
$B!v(B $B@V?'8w$H@D?'8w$O7T$N?-D9$rM^@)$9$k!#@D?'8w$NCN3P$K$O@D?'8w $B!J(BCryptochrome$B!K$,I,MW$G$"$k!#@V?'8w$H@D?'8w$O:YK&$N?;F)%]%F%s%7%c%k$dKD05$h(B
$B$j$b!":YK&JI$N@- $B$2$k;v$K$h$j?-D9$rM^@)$7!"@D?'8w$O9_IzogCM!J(BY$B!K$r>e$2$k$3$H$K$h$j:YK&JI$KF/$/(B
$B!JBh(B4$BI=!K!#(B
$B$3$N;v$K$h$j!"Ho1"$O8w9g@.;:J*$ND>@\$N6!5k$N1F6A$H$$$&$h$j$O!"%U%#!<%I%U%)%o!<(B
$B%IH?1~$rDL$8$?1F6A$G$"$k;v$r<($7$F$$$k!#(B

5.1.1.6 Effects of Total Level of Irradiance
$B!v(B $B8wNL$OHsBQ1"@- $B$b$^$?1F6A$r5Z$\$9!#(B
$BHsBQ1"@-@7$K$7$F%9%Z%/%H%k9=@.$K(B
$BH?1~$9$k!#(B
$BBQ1"@- $B$"$k!#(B

$B!v(B $B8wNL$KBP$9$k$3$l$i$NH?1~$,@8D9$KBP$9$k8w9g@.;:J*$N6!5kB%?J$H$$$&D>@\$N7k2L$G(B
$B$"$k$H$$$&>Z5r$O$J$$!#(B
$B$3$l$i$OE|CN3P%7%9%F%`$rDL$8$FG^2p$5$l$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$F$$$k!#(B

2000.7.24(Mon.)$B$b$j$d!#(B
7.Growth and Allocation
5.1.2 Effects of Photoperiod
$B!v(B $BF|D9$OC;F|?"J*$HD9F|?"J*$K1IM\@8D9$HF1MM$K3+2VH?1~$K$b1F6A$9$k!#$3$N1F6A$O%U(B
$B%#%H%/%m%`%7%9%F%`$rG^2p$H$7$F9T$o$l!"8wNL$NJQ2=$K$h$k$b$N$G$O$J$$!#(B

$B!v(B $B29CHCO0h$G$O!"Dc29=g2=!J%3!<%k%I%O!<%I%K%s%0!K$O$H$j$o$1LZK\?"J*$G=EMW$G$"$k!#(B
$BF|D9$ND9$5$,$3$N=g2=2aDx$N%7%0%J%k$H$J$k!#(B
$BNc(B)$B%N%k%&%'!<@8BV7?(BDactylis glomerata
$BC;F|Dc292<$HHf3S$7$F!"D9F|Dc292<$G4%J*@8;:$,A}2C$9$k!#(B
$B%]%k%H%,%k@8BV7?(B
$B9b29$GF|D9$O$[$H$s$I1F6A$7$J$$!#(B
$B",(B
$B%N%k%&%'!<@8BV7?$ND9F|Dc292<$G$N4%J*@8;:$NA}2C$O9b(BLAR$B$H9b(BSLA$B$K$h$k9b(BRGR
$B$rH?1G$7$F$$$k!#(B
$B=cF12=B.EY$OA4$F$N29EY$HA4$F$N@8BV7?$G!"D9F|$G$O8:>/$9$k(B($BBh(B12$B?^(B)$B!#D9F|$G$OMU(B
$B$,Gv$/$J$k798~$,$"$j!":YK&$OD9$/$J$k!#0^EY$K$h$k8w<~4|H?1~$N0c$$$O!"Hf3SE*C1(B
$B=c$J?J2=O@E*D4@a$H$$$($k!#(B

$B!v(B $BD9F|$KBP$9$kApK\$N@8D9H?1~$K$*$$$F%8%Y%l%j%sG;EY$NA}2C$d%[%k%b%s$KBP$9$kH?1~(B
$B$NA}2C$,Js9p$5$l$F$$$k!#$3$l$i$O?"J*$N $B4%J*$K$*$1$kAmCbAG4^M-NL$OF|D9$,D9$/$J$k$K$D$l8:>/$7!"$3$l$OD9F|$G$N(BNAR$B$N8:(B
$B>/$N860x$G$"$k$+$b$7$l$J$$(B($BBh(B12$B?^(B)$B!#>K;@1v$b$^$?8:>/$9$k!#(B

5.2 Growth as Affected by Temperature
$B!v(B $B29EY$O?"J*$N9ZAG3h@-$dKl$H4XO"$7$?%W%m%;%9$K1F6A$r5Z$\$7!"?"J*$NJ,G[$KBg$-$/(B
$B1F6A$9$k!#(B
$B:,$N@8D9$N:GE,29EY$O%7%e!<%H$h$j$bDc$$798~$,$"$k!#$7$?$,$C$F=U$K:,$OMU$h$j$b@8(B
$BD9$r;O$a$k$N$,Aa$$!#(B
$B29EY$O$^$?:,$+$i$NM\?eJ,5[<}$K$b1F6A$r5Z$\$9!#(B
$B$$$+$K$7$F1F6A$r5Z$\$9$N$G$"$m$&$+!)(B


5.2.1 Effects of Low Temperature on Root Functioning
$B!v(B $BDc29=hM}$9$k$H!"?-D9It0L$NKD05$X1F6A$,L5$/$F$b!":,$N?-D9$,8:>/$9$k!#(B
$B%H%&%b%m%3%7$K$*$$$F?-D9B.EY$N8:>/$O:YK&JI$N?-D9@-$N8:>/$H4XO"$9$k!#?-D9$N8:>/(B
$B$O>.$5$$:YK&$rA}2C$5$;$k!#:,$,E,29$K$J$k$H?-D9$O:F3+$5$l$k!#(B

$B!v(B $BDc29$G:,$,5!G=$9$k$?$a$K$O!"Kl$ON.F0@-$HH>F)@-$r0];}$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B
$B:,$K$*$1$kKl$N;i $B$K$h$j!"%$%*%s$H?e$NM"Aw$K1F6A$9$k!#(B
$BDc29=g2=?"J*$O%j%s;i $B0];}$N860x$H$J$k!#(B

$B!v(B $B?e$OFC0[E*$J?e%A%c%s%M%k%?%s%Q%/$rDL$C$F0lNs$KKl$rDL$k!#:,$K$h$k?e5[<}B.EY$K(B
$B29EY$,5Z$\$91F6A$O!"$3$N?e%A%c%s%M%k%?%s%Q%/$X$ND>@\$N1F6A$HHsD>@\E*$JKl$NN.(B
$BF0@-$N1F6A$KH?1G$5$l$k!#(B

$B!v:,$+$i$N?e5[<}B.EY$K29EY$,5Z$\$91F6A$K$h$j!"@8D9$,29EY$K1F6A$r $BNc(B)$B%@%$%:(B
$B:,0h29$r$"$kDxEYA}2C$7%7%e!<%H$N29EY$r0lDj$K$9$k$H!"?"J*A4BN$N?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$O(B
$BA}2C$9$k!#(B
$B:,$HMU$N%P%$%*%^%9$NAjBPE*$JEj;q$K29EY$,5Z$\$91F6A$O!">/$J$/$H$b:GE,29$NHO0O$G(B
$B$O:,$N?e$r5[<}$9$kG=NO$rH?1G$7$F$$$k$h$&$K$_$($k!#(B

$B!v(B $B29EY$OM\J,5[<}$KD>@\$O1F6A$7$J$$!#Dc:,0h29$G$NM\J,5[<}$NDc2<$O!"@8D9B.EY$N8:(B
$B>/$KBP$9$kM\J,MW5a$N8:>/$K$h$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(B


7.31(Mon.) $B$b$j$d(B
5.2.2 Change in the Allocation Pattern
$B!v(B $B0[$J$C$?29EY$X$N=g2=$O!"C10LMULL@Q$"$?$j$N8w9g@.B.EY$d?"J*$NJ,G[%Q%?!<%s$K1F(B
$B6A$9$k!#(B
$B0lHLE*$K!":GE,29$G$O:,$KEj;q$9$k%P%$%*%^%9$O>/$J$/!"9bDc29$G$OA}2C$9$k(B($BBh(B13
$B?^(B)$B!#(B
$B$3$N8=>]$O?"J*BNA4BN$N29EY$,JQ$o$k;~!"$^$?:,0h29$N$_JQ$o$k;~$NN>J}$G$*$3$k!#(B

$B!v(B $B29EY$O:,$K$h$kM\?eJ,$N5[<}$KBg$-$/1F6A$9$k!#(B
$BM\J,5[<}$O!"C;4|4V$G$O:,0h29$KD>@\0MB8$9$k$,!"D94|4V$G$OL@$i$+$G$O$J$$!#D94|$N(B
$BDc29=hM}$G$O5[<}%7%9%F%`$O=g2=$7!"@8D9$ODc29$K$h$k@)8f$h$j$bM\J,5[<}B.EY$K$h$j(B
$B@)8f$5$l$F$$$k$H$$$&Js9p$b$"$k!#(B

$B:,29$N1F6A$O?"J*$N?eJ,>uBV$rDL$8$F(BABA$B$K$h$jG^2p$5$l$k$H9M$($i$l$F$$$k$,!"99(B
$B$J$k>Z5r$,I,MW$G$"$k!#(B

$B!v(B $B$^$?!"Dc29$G$NL55!J*2=B.EY$NDc2<$K$h$kHsD>@\E*$J29EY$N1F6A$bB8:_$9$k!#(B

5.3 Growth as Affected by Soil Water Potential and Salinity
$B!v(B $B?"J*$K$*$1$kB?$/$N2aDx$O!"5$9&%3%s%@%/%?%s%9$d8w9g@.$h$j$b!"?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$N(B
$BDc2<$KBP$7$F46 $BEZ>m?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$NDc2<$K$h$jMU$N?-D9B.EY$O8:>/$9$k$,!":,$N?-D9B.EY$O$"$^$j1F(B
$B6A$r
$B!v(B $BEZ>m$N?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$NDc2<$G$N:,$N?-D9$O!":,$N:YK&$K$*$1$kKD05$N(B($B0l;~$N(B)$B8:>/$K(B
$B$b$+$+$o$i$:0];}$5$l$k!#$3$l$O?-D9:YK&$N9_IzG=NO$NA}2C$r<($7$F$$$k!#(B
$B$3$N9_IzG=NO$NA}2C$O!"?-D9$NNL$H3h@-$NA}2C!"?-D9$N$?$a$N:YK&JI$K$*$1$k46 $BA}2C$K$h$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(B

$B!v(B $BBh(B14$B?^$K<($5$l$?MU$N?-D98:>/$OMU:YK&$NKD05Dc2<$K$h$k$H9M$($,$A$G$"$k$,!" $B$K$OKD05$NDc2<$O8+$i$l$J$$!#(B
$BB($A!"MU@8D9$NDc2<$O4%AgEZ>m$H@\$7$?:,$+$iEAC#$5$l$k(B($B2=3XE*(B)$B%7%0%J%k$KBP$7$F!"(B
$BMU:YK&JI$,H?1~$7JQ2=$9$k$3$H$K$h$k$b$N$G$"$k!#(B

5.3.1 Do Roots Sense Dry Soil and Then Send Signals to the Leaves?
$B!v$3$NLd$$$KEz$($k$?$a$N $BNc(B)$B%3%`%.(B
$B:,$N<~$j$K05NO7W$rCV$/!#(B
$B"-(B
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$B$K$9$k!#(B
$B"-(B
$B$7$+$74%Ag6h$HF1MM$KMU$N@8D9$ODc2<$9$k!#(B

$BNc(B)$B%j%s%4(B
$B:,7T$rEZ>m?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$,9b$$%3%s%F%J$HEZ>m?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$,Dc$$%3%s%F%J$KJ,$1(B
$B$F@80i$5$;$k!#(B
$B"-(B
$B?"J*BN$O4C?e$7$?6h$HF1MM$N?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$rJ]$D$,!"MU$N@8D9$ODc2<$9$k!#(B

$B$3$l$i$NMU$N@8D9Dc2<$O%7%e!<%H$N?eJ,>uBV$NJQ2=$rI,MW$H$7$J$$!"4%AgEZ>m$N1F6A$G(B
$B$"$k!#(B

5.3.2 ABA and Leaf Cell-Wall Stiffening
$B!v(B $B?e%9%H%l%9$,MU$N@8D9$K5Z$\$91F6A$O?"J*%[%k%b%s$N(BABA$B$K$h$jG^2p$5$l$k!#EZ>m$N(B
$B4%Ag$H1vEY$O(BABA$BG;EY$rA}2C$5$;$k!#(B

$B!v(B $B?"J*$NCO>eIt$O:,$h$j$b6/$/EZ>m?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$N8:>/$KH?1~$9$k!#$3$l$O:,$h$j$b(B
$BMU$N@8D9$N$[$&$,(BABA$B$K$h$kM^@)$,6/$$$?$a$G$"$k!#(B

ABA$B$O$*$=$i$/%(%A%l%s9g@.$K5Z$\$91F6A$rDL$8$F:,$HMU$N@8D9$K1F6A$r5Z$\$9!#(B

$B!v(B $B1vEY46 ABA$B$O:YK&JI$N9_IzogCM(B(Y)$B$rA}2C$7!"JI$N?-D9@-(B($B&5(B)$B$r8:>/$5$;$k$3$H$K$h$jMU:YK&(B
$B$N:YK&JI$r9E2=$5$;$k!#(B
$B$^$?:YK&JI$NC:?e2=J*$H%?%s%Q%/

5.3.3 Effects on Root Elongation
$B!v(B $B4K$d$+$J?e%9%H%l%9$r $B$3$l$ODc2<$7$??eLL$rMxMQ$9$k$?$a$N4%AgEZ>m$K$*$1$k@8D9E,1~$J$N$G$"$m$&!#(B

$B!v(B $B:,$N<~$j$N?e%]%F%s%7%c%k$NDc2<$O$^$?!":,$X$NE|M"Aw$rA}2C$5$;!"$3$l$,MU$N@8D9(B
$BDc2<$K$D$J$,$k!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"$$$+$K$7$FE|G;EY$NA}2C$O:,$N@8D9$K1F6A$r5Z$\$9$+!)(B
$B$3$l$O$*$=$i$/MU$N$h$&$JE|46 $B$,%X%-%=!<%9G;EY$r46 $B$\$9$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"$^$@:,$N?-D9$KE|G;EY$,5Z$\$91F6A$NA4BNA|$OJ,$+$C$F$$$J$$!#(B

5.3.4 A Hypothetical Model That Accounts for Effects of Water Stress on
Biomass Allocation
$B!v(B $B?e%9%H%l%9$,:,$G$N%[%k%b%s@8;:!"MU$N?-D9!":,$N?-D9$K5Z$\$91F6A$rBh(B16$B?^$K$^$H(B
$B$a$?!#(B
$B?e%9%H%l%9$OMULL@Q$N?-D9M^@)$K1F6A$9$k0lJ}$G!":,$N?-D9$OM^@)$,>/$J$$$+A}2C$7!"(B
LAR$B$H(B/$B$"$k$$$O(BLMR$B$O8:>/$7!"(BRMR$B$OA}2C$9$k!#(B
RMR$B$NA}2C$K$*$1$k8F5[%3%9%H$NA}2C$O4%Ag?"J*$N@8D9Dc2<$K5/0x$7!"$=$l$i$O$^$?>x(B
$B;6$K$*$1$k?e%m%9$"$?$j$N4%J*@8;:$r$b8:>/$5$;$k!#(B

Plant Physiological Ecology (Lambers, Chapin III & Pons)
7. Growth and Allocation
2000$BG/(B6$B7n(B12$BF|!!C4Ev!'$O$s$P(B

5.4. Growth at a limiting nutrient supply

$BCbAG$,ITB-$9$k$H!"%j%s$dN22+$,ITB-$7$?>l9g$h$j$b%P%$%*%^%9J,G[$KBg$-$J1F6A$,$"$k!#CbAGITB-$K(B
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5.4.1 Cycling of nitrogen between roots and leaves

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5.4.2 Hormonal signals that travel via the xylem to the leaves

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5.4.5 Effects of nitrogen supply on leaf anatomy and chemistry
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5.4.6 Nitrogen allocation to different leaves, as dependent on incident irradiance

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5.5 Plant growth as affected by soil compaction

5.5.1 Effects on biomass allocation: is ABA involved?

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5.5.2 Changes in root length and diameter: a modification of the Lockhart equation

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Plant Physiological Ecology (Lambers, Chapin III & Pons)
7. Growth and Allocation
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5.6 Growth as affected by soil flooding

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5.6.1 The pivotal role of ethylene

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5.6.2 Effects on water uptake and leaf growth

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5.6.3 Effects on adventitious root formation

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5.8 Growth as affected by elevated concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere

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